Vitamin B6
B6 is a water-soluble vitamin with over 100 enzyme reactions, mostly related to protein metabolism. Vitamin B6 also plays a role in neurotransmitter biosynthesis, gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, immune function, and hemoglobin formation.
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L-Carnitine
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L-Carnitine is a potent nutritional supplement used to improve the function of mitochondria. L-Carnitine is recognized by the United Mitochondrial Disease, www.umdf.org, as a first tire supplement that may be of benefit in improving mitochondria function. L-Carnitine is often the foundation in “mitochondria cocktails” used by clinicians for mitochondria support. L-Carnitine helps mitochondria improve the utilization of fat in the energy production process. L-Carnitine has been shown to decrease fatigue and increase cognitive function in select populations.
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Our study indicates that oral administration of levocarnitine produces a reduction of total fat mass, increases total muscular mass, and facilitates an increased capacity for physical and cognitive activity by reducing fatigue and improving cognitive functions.
Excerpt from: “L-Carnitine treatment reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and increases cognitive functions in centenarians: a randomized and controlled clinical trial.” Malaguarnera M, Cammalleri L, Gargante MP, Vacante M, Colonna V, Motta M.
Rhodiola rosea
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Rhodiola, while new to the western world, has been used for centuries to reduce fatigue. This prized herbal extract well known in the Soviet Union was used to help improve the performance of Olympic athletes and trainees in their cosmonaut program. Standardized extracts of Rhodiola, like those found in PERC, have been show to improve mental performance under stressful conditions. Rhodiola has even been shown to improve exercise endurance!
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“...Typically generates no side effects, unlike traditional stimulants that possess addiction, tolerance and abuse potential, produce a negative effect on sleep structure, and cause rebound hypersomnolence or 'come down' effects.
Furthermore, single administration of these adaptogens effectively increases mental performance and physical working capacity in humans. R. rosea is the most active of the three plant adaptogens producing, within 30 min of administration, a stimulating effect that continues for at least 4-6 h.”
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Grape Seed Extract
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Grape seed extract is a powerful antioxidant whose health benefits were recognized as far back as ancient Greece. The National Institute of Health, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health reports that Grape Seed Extract has antioxidants that help prevent injury from oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species).
1. “Acute R. rosea ingestion decreases heart rate response to submaximal exercise and appears to improve endurance exercise performance by decreasing the perception of effort.”
2 Excerpts from:
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“Stimulating effect of adaptogens: an overview with particular reference to their efficacy following single dose administration.” Panossian A, Wagner H.
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“The effects of an acute dose of Rhodiola rosea on endurance exercise performance.” Noreen EE, Buckley JG, Lewis SL, Brandauer J, Stuempfle KJ.
REFERENCES:
A. Panossian, G. Wikman, J. Sarris (2010). “Rosenroot (Rhodiola rosea): Traditional use, chemical composition, pharmacology and clinical efficacy”. Phytomedicine Volume 17, Issue 7, June 2010, Pages 481–493. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2010.02.002
V. Darbinyan, A. Kteyan, A. Panossian,E. Gabrielian, G. Wikman, H. Wagner (2000). “Rhodiola rosea in stress induced fatigue — A double blind cross-over study of a standardized extract SHR-5 with a repeated low-dose regimen on the mental performance of healthy physicians during night duty”. Phytomedicine Volume 7, Issue 5, October 2000, Pages 365–371. doi:10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80055-0
Mariano Malaguarnera, Lisa Cammalleri, Maria Pia Gargante, Marco Vacante, Valentina Colonna, and Massimo Motta (2007). “L-Carnitine treatment reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and increases cognitive functions in centenarians: a randomized and controlled clinical trial”. Am J Clin Nutr December 2007 vol. 86 no. 6 1738-1744
NIH, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, https://nccih.nih.gov/health/grapeseed/ataglance.htm
Eric Noreen, James Buckley, and Stephanie Lewis (2009). “The effects of an acute dose of Rhodiola rosea on exercise performance and cognitive function”. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2009; 6(Suppl 1): P14. Published online 2009 Jul 31. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-6-S1-P14
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.